Summary Of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Research Articles

Compliance to Recommended Prevention and Management Practices among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania

Introduction: Diabetes-related complications are the significant causes of morbidity and mortality among type 2 diabetes patients. The complications can be reduced by practicing and maintaining several preventive measures. The present study aims to assess compliance and factors associated with recommended management practices and prevention of complications among type 2 diabetes patients in selected health facilities in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2023 among 140 patients, including patients who were diagnosed with diabetes for at least three months prior to the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire, which included patients’ characteristics and a previously validated Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities questionnaire to assess patients' compliance with recommended practices. A multivariable regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with compliance with recommended practices. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 59 ±12.08 years and 65% were females. Among 140 patients, 91.4% (n=128) had poor or unsatisfactory self-care practices with an overall mean of 3.81± 2.08 days per week for diabetes management. The recommended practices with good or satisfactory performance were non-smoking, non-alcohol drinking and prescribed medication. In contrast, unsatisfactory performance was observed for self-monitoring of blood glucose with a mean of physical activity. Multiple regression analysis showed that co-morbidity (AOR 4.5; 95% CI:1.14-18.02) and being employed (AOR 4.4; 95% CI:1.25-15.44) independently predict self-care practices. Conclusion and recommendation: Compliance with self-monitoring of blood glucose, physical exercise and dietary practices were found to be low among type 2 diabetes patients, which could increase the risk of complications. Nutritional and lifestyle counselling and the use of peer groups should be emphasized to improve compliance with recommended practices.

Factors of Influence on Diabetes Awareness in Older People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Comorbid With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has been associated with an increased risk of mortality in this population. This study was designed to investigate the predictive factors of diabetes awareness (DA), including diabetes knowledge (DK), and diabetes care behaviors (DCB) among older people with both COPD and T2DM. This was a cross-sectional descriptive correlation study. One hundred thirty-three older-age patients with COPD comorbid with T2DM receiving treatment at a chest hospital were enrolled as participants. Both DK and DCB were utilized to measure DA. The Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire was utilized to measure DK, and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities was used to evaluate DCB. The average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 7.68% ( SD = 1.55%), with 74 (55.6%) participants having a level > 7%. The average DA was 46.46% ( SD = 13.34%), the average DK was 53.42% ( SD = 18.91%), and the average DCB was 39.50% ( SD = 16.66%). In terms of demographic variables, age, diabetes education, diabetes shared care, and HbA1c were all significantly associated with DA, DK, and DCB (all p s < .05). The overall variance in DA was significantly explained by diabetes education and HbA1c (all p s < .05). The overall variance in DK was significantly explained by age, diabetes education, and HbA1c. The overall variance in DCB was significantly explained by diabetes education and HbA1c (all p s < .05). Our study findings indicate that older adult patients with COPD comorbid with T2DM are at elevated risks of poor glycemic control and low DA. Healthcare professionals should be aware of these issues and develop appropriate DA plans to prevent poor glycemic control in this population. Providing accurate information on diabetes to older adults with COPD comorbid with T2DM is important to improving their DK and promoting better DCB.

SELF-CARE MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES ATTENDING SELECTED DIABETES CLINICS IN POKHARA

Background: Social support plays a significant role in determining the self-care management of individuals with diabetes. In the developing countries, the association between two factors has not been adequately explored. This study assessed the level of self-care management and social support among individuals with type 2 diabetes and identify associations between self-care management, social support, and selected variables. Methods: In this multisite cross-sectional study, 158 individuals with type 2 diabetes who attended selected diabetes clinics in Pokhara Nepal, were selected using a nonprobability purposive sampling technique from February 10 to March 10, 2021. Data collection was conducted through interviews using a modified summary of diabetes self-care activities and a multidimensional scale of perceived social support as instruments. A descriptive analysis followed by an inferential statistical test was performed to assess the association between variables. Results: More than half (53.2%) of respondents had satisfactory levels of diabetes self-care management, and most of them received high levels of social support. Levels of self-care management were significantly associated with the levels of social support. Marital status, family income, residency, educational status, disease duration, regular follow-up visits, A1C goal, and co-morbidity were significantly associated with self-care management. Gender, marital status, and follow-up visits were significantly associated with the level of social support. Conclusions: Focusing on enhancing social support, including the self-care management of individuals with diabetes, can force diabetes management more successful. Health professionals should implement programs for individuals with diabetes, including peer support groups, family education, and community-based initiatives.

Effect of digital based nursing intervention on knowledge of self-care behaviors and self-efficacy of adult clients with diabetes

BackgroundIn recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of Digital Based Nursing Intervention to support diabetes management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of digital based nursing intervention on knowledge of self-care behaviors and self-efficacy of clients with diabetes.MethodsEmploying a quasi-experimental design, a sample of 120 adult participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, aged more than 18 years with focus on older adults was drawn from outpatient clinics at Cairo University Hospital. The intervention was approved and registered by the ethical committee of the faculty of nursing with IRB number: RHDIRB2019041701. The intervention group (n = 60) received a digital-based nursing intervention, while the control group (n = 60) received standard care. Data were collected using adopted standardized tools including the Diabetes Knowledge Test, the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. Demographic characteristics were analyzed, and pre- and post-intervention scores were compared using paired t-tests were statistical methods.ResultsThe digital-based nursing intervention resulted in significant enhancements in participants with diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy levels. Moreover, the intervention group demonstrated marked improvements in various self-care behaviors encompassing diet, exercise, medication adherence, blood glucose testing, and foot care. While the control group also exhibited some progress, the effects were less pronounced. Regression analyses highlighted age as a consistent factor associated with knowledge, self-efficacy, and specific self-care behaviors.ConclusionThis study underscores the potential of tailored digital nursing interventions to complement traditional care approaches, empowering patients with type 2 diabetes to actively engage in self-management. The findings suggest that digital-based nursing interventions hold promise for enhancing patient knowledge, confidence, and proactive health behaviors. Nevertheless, limitations, including the relatively short intervention duration and a sample from a single clinic, warrant consideration. Future research should address these limitations to bolster the validity and applicability of the study’s conclusions.

Nurse-led self-management education and support programme on self-management behaviour and quality of life among adults with type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

This study examined the preliminary effects of a nurse-led self-management education and support programme on the self-management behaviours and quality of life among people with type 2 diabetes in Western Ethiopia. A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted between January and August 2021. Participants were recruited in the hospital and randomly assigned to the control arm to continue usual care (n = 38) or the intervention arm to receive usual care and the diabetes self-management education and support programme (n = 38) in the community. Self-management behaviours and quality of life were assessed using a 10-item summary of diabetes self-care activity (expanded) scale and a 34-item diabetes quality of life measure, respectively, at baseline and 2months after follow-up. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the preliminary effects of the programme on the outcomes. Preliminary results indicated that the programme outperformed usual care in self-management practise, with large effect sizes immediately postintervention and at 2months after the intervention, and quality of life at 2months after the intervention. A nurse-led diabetes self-management education and support intervention, including the families of people with diabetes, may be an option to boost the self-management practise and quality of life of patients with diabetes.

The Association between Self-Care Activities and Depression in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey Study.

This study examined the level of adherence to self-care behaviors among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia and its connection with depression and demographic factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among diabetes patients using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure depression and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) to evaluate diabetes self-care activities. Among the 252 participants who completed the survey, 43.2% were older than 55 and 59% were men. The ordinal regression model showed an association between the PHQ-9 and SDSCA scores with an OR of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.96, p = 0.013). The PHQ-9 score was significantly associated with blood sugar monitoring (OR: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.82 to 0.99, p = 0.003]), exercise (OR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.79 to 0.98, p = 0.002]), and diet (OR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.85 to 1.03, p = 0.045]). Of all the diabetes-related factors, only a history of hospitalization and receiving diabetes education were found to be associated with improved self-care behaviors. In conclusion, a negative association was found between PHQ-9 scores and the SDSCA mean score and most daily diabetic self-care behavior components.

Self-Care Practices and the Associated Socio-Demographic Variables of Persons With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) in Southeast, Nigeria.

The study was aimed at assessing the self-care practices and the associated socio-demographic variables of persons with T2DM in South East, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study involving 382 persons with T2DM proportionately selected from 4 tertiary health institutions in South Eastern, Nigeria. Data was collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) and a researcher-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to persons with T2DM who attended a diabetic outpatient clinic. Data collected was analyzed in frequency percentage. Responses on SDSCA were ranked and rated as poor, moderate, and good self-care behavior. The level of significance was placed at P < .05. The majority of the participants were within the age groups of 40 to 59 (46.9%) and 60 and above (46.9%); the majority (74.6%) were married while a good proportion were traders (59.7%). Also, the majority of participants (81.2%) were on oral hypoglycemic agents. Findings further showed that a good proportion (51.3% and 89.8%) of study participants had good self-care behavior in diet and medication domains respectively. Whereas the proportion of participants with poor self-care behavior was very high in foot care (75.1%) and fairly high in both self-blood sugar testing (37.7%) and exercise (37.2%) domains. Only 7.9% practiced 3-monthly laboratory blood glucose testing while 16.5% went for eye checks every 6 months. Individuals with diabetes mellitus have poor self-management behavior in most domains of the self-management practice. Age, gender, marital status, educational level, and occupation significantly influenced self-management practices. Hence nurses and health educators should take diabetes self-management education very seriously to help diabetes sufferers improve their self-management behavior.

Questionnaire-Based Survey of Diabetes Self-Care Activities and Barriers among Young Korean Adults with Early-Onset Diabetes.

Self-management of diabetes is a significant challenge. This study aimed to assess diabetes self-care activities and barriers among Korean young adults with diabetes mellitus. This study recruited 209 Korean adults with diabetes, with an onset age of 20-39 years, from four university hospitals. Demographic characteristics and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) measure and Diabetes Self-Care Barriers Assessment Scale for Older Adults (DSCB-OA) scores were assessed using questionnaires. The average age of study participants was 32.9±6.1 years. Their self-care activities, including adherence to recommended diabetes medication (5.6±2.4) and number of diabetes pills (5.5±2.3) in the SDSCA measure, were the most well-performed activities among all domains. Responses to inspection of the inside of shoes in the foot care activity (0.8±1.5) and specific exercise sessions in the exercise activity (1.6±1.9) reflected poor levels of compliance. According to the DSCB-OA questionnaire, the mean diabetes self-care barrier of DSCB-OA was 20.6±5.0 of total score 45. The greater perceived barriers to self-care on the DSCB-OA were having difficulty exercising regularly (1.9±0.7) and eating three meals and snacks leading to weight gain (1.9±0.8). Young adults with early-onset diabetes showed a greater barrier to regular exercise and poor compliance with foot care and blood sugar testing. Healthcare providers must strengthen their relationship with young adults with diabetes to provide more education and guidelines for lifestyle modification focused on exercise and to promote higher compliance with diabetic self-care activities for improving clinical outcomes.

Diabetes Self-Management Practices among Diabetic Patients Attending Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Diabetes is a new health issue that affects many people around the world. The majority of the diabetic population lives in low-and middle-income countries. Diabetes has badly affected individuals, families, and countries. This problem can be minimized and managed through effective self-management practices. Objective: The present study aims to identify the level of self-management practices among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study design was used to assess diabetes self-management practices. A standard ‘Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activity’ tool was adopted with few modifications after pretesting. This study was carried out among 191 samples with diabetes type-2 patients attending the outpatient department of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. The non-probability consecutive sampling method was adopted for data collection. Ethical principles were addressed during the study. Results: Among the total participants, 51.8% had unsatisfactory diabetes self-management practices. Age, education, place of residence, religion, occupation, family history, comorbidity, duration of diagnosis, alcohol drinking, and smoking were associated with diabetes self-management practice. There were 55.5% male participants. The majority, 42.4% belonged to the age group 60 and above. The minimum age was 30, the maximum age was 94, and the mean age was 56.9 years. The majority (77%) of participants were literate. Conclusions: This study revealed an unsatisfactory level of diabetes self-management practices. This finding implies that diabetes self- management practice-related education programs should be created and implemented for people who are impacted, as well as for those who provide care at home.

Depression and self-care in diabetes; adjustment for misclassification bias: application of predictive weighting method

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between depression and self-care in diabetic patients potentially influenced by biases in depression measurement using weighting the positive and negative predictive values.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 1050 patients informedly consented to participate in the study. Using a WHO-5 well-being index, the participants were examined for depressive mood as exposure. The sensitivity and specificity of this index in a systematic review study were 0.86 and 0.81, respectively. Self-care (that is outcome) was assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. To correct the misclassification bias of exposure, the predictive weighting method was used in the multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for covariates. Bootstrap sample with replacement and simulation was used to deal with random error.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 42.8 ± 7.5 years. In this study, 70.1% of diabetic patients (n = 720) were depressed based on the questionnaire score and only 52.7% (n = 541) of them had appropriate self-care behaviors. Our study revealed a close relationship between self-care and covariates such as gender, depression, having comorbidities, abdominal obesity, economic status and education. The odds ratio of the association between depressive mood and lack of self-care in primary multivariable logistic regression was 2.21 (95% CI: 1.62-3.00, p < 0.001) and after misclassification bias adjusting, it was equal to 3.4 (95% CI: 1.7–6.6, p < 0.001). The OR percentage of bias was − 0.55.ConclusionAfter adjusting for depression misclassification bias and random error, the observed association between depression and self-care was stronger. According to our findings, psychiatric interventions, and counseling and education along with self-care interventions are necessary for these patients. Special attention should be paid to male, low economic classes, less educated and those having a history of comorbidities along with psychological assessment when improving the care and progress of treatment in diabetic patients is expected. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of other psychological disorders on self-care of diabetics.

The Effect of a Patient Activation Tailored Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management and Clinical Outcomes: A Study from Saudi Arabian Primary Care Settings.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health challenge. T2DM self-management, including diet, physical activity, blood glucose self-monitoring, foot care, and adherence to medication, is considered a primary tool for managing diabetes. Patient activation, an individual's knowledge, skill, and confidence in managing their health and healthcare, was recognized to be associated with better T2DM self-management and clinical outcomes. Patient activation intervention has been described as a potential approach for enhancing chronic disease self-management. This study is aimed at examining the effect of a patient activation-tailored intervention on T2DM self-management and clinical outcomes in primary care settings in Saudi Arabia. A pre- and postintervention study was conducted among ≥18 years old T2DM patients attending primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia. Collected data included demographics, clinical data, the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), the diabetes knowledge test (DKT2), the problem area in diabetes test (PAID-5), and the diabetes quality of life test (DQOL). The intervention was tailored based on the participants' patient activation level. The intervention consisted of monthly face-to-face sessions for three months and a telephone follow-up per month for three months postintervention. Descriptive statistics, a paired sample t-test for scale variables, and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test for categorical variables were used for data analysis. A total of 82 patients, mostly female (61%) with a mean age of 51.3 ± 9.9 years old, completed baseline and postintervention surveys. After six months of intervention, there was a significant change in patient activation score from 54.74 to 61.58 (p < 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from 8.38 to 7.55 (p < 0.001), and body mass index (BMI) from 30.90 to 29.16 (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant change in SDSCA scores (diet from 3.12 to 3.67, exercise from 2.54 to 3.49, and blood glucose self-testing from 2.37 to 3.24) (p < 0.001) and DKT from 6.29 to 7.22 (p = 0.01). Our findings suggested that tailoring interventions based on patients' activation levels is more likely to yield promising T2DM self-management and clinical outcomes.

Impact of Fatigue and Its Influencing Factors on Diabetes Self-Management in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.

The purposes of this study were to (1) examine the relationships between fatigue, its influencing factors, and diabetes self-management and (2) test the mediation effects of fatigue on the link between the influencing factors and diabetes self-management in adults with type 2 diabetes. This cross-sectional, correlational study was guided by the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Fatigue was measured by the Fatigue Symptom Inventory and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Diabetes self-management was measured by the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. From March to July 2021, a convenience sample of 150 participants was recruited from 2 diabetes outpatient clinics of a regional hospital in Taiwan. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. A more recent diagnosis of diabetes, more depressive symptoms, and lower sleep quality were related to higher fatigue. Higher fatigue correlated with less performance in diabetes self-management. Fatigue mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and diabetes self-management. Fatigue had a mediating effect on the link between psychological influencing factors and diabetes self-management. Future development of fatigue interventions integrating depressive symptoms and sleep management will likely increase the performance of diabetes self-management and improve the health outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes. The study tested the theory of unpleasant symptoms using empirical data and will assist in building theory-guided fatigue interventions to improve diabetes self-management in people with type 2 diabetes.

An intervention to improve self-care among people with diabetes mellitus: A quasi-experimental study

Abstract Background An increased self-efficacy promotes better diabetes self-care behaviours, which help in achieving glycemic targets among patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted among patients with T2DM living in rural areas of Punjab, North India. A total of 283 in the intervention and 291 in the control arms were participated at baseline, and a total of 242 in the intervention and 237 in the control arms at endline assessments. Summary of diabetes self-care activities and diabetes management self-efficacy questionnaires were used at baseline and endline (after 6 months) surveys. Outcomes were net changes in proportion of population having diabetes self-management self-efficacy, overall diabetes self-care activities (health dietary habits, physical activity, adequate foot care, medication adherence and blood glucose monitoring) and net mean change in HbA1c. Data were analysed using per protocol analysis principle. Difference in difference analysis (DiD) using Generalized Estimating Equation model was done to adjust for confounders. p &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered as significant. Results There was a significant net increase in participants proportion (39%; 95% CI: 25% -52%, p &amp;lt; 0.001) on diabetes management self-efficacy scale. At the baseline assessment for overall self-care behaviours, only 4% of participants in the intervention arm were in the action stage and 12% were in the preparation stage; however, at the post intervention assessment, this proportion increased to 24% for action stage and 67% for preparation stage. There was a significant net increase in participants proportion (49%, 95%CI 37% -60%, p &amp;lt; 0.001) engaged in optimal diabetes self-care. There was a significant net decrease in mean HbA1c (-1.06%; 95%CI: -1.62 - -0.50, p &amp;lt; 0.001) at post intervention phase. Conclusions Diabetes self-care intervention was successful in promoting self-efficacy and self-care practices among patients with T2DM of rural areas. Key messages • Self-efficacy theory-based diabetes self-care intervention successfully improves the diabetes related self-care practices. • There is a need for a structured diabetes self-care management education programme to improve the ability of patients with T2DM who live in rural areas.

Serial mediation roles of empowerment and self-care activities connecting health literacy, quality of life, and glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.

Health literacy, empowerment, and self-care activities are likely the crucial concepts affecting the quality of life and glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, evidence demonstrating the mechanisms underlying these concepts is scarce. The aim of this study was to test the serial mediation roles of empowerment and self-care activities on the relationships between health literacy and quality of life and between health literacy and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in people with T2D. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 319 people with T2D in Guangzhou, China, from July 2019 to January 2020. Data were collected using the Health Literacy Scale, the Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure, and the Adjusted Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale. RStudio 4.2.1 was used for serial mediation analysis. The dimension of communicative health literacy accounted for the most total variance (β = 0.810, p < .001) in the construct of health literacy. The serial multiple mediation of empowerment and self-care activities in the associations between health literacy and quality of life (β = -.046, p = .019) and between health literacy and HbA1c (β = -.045, p = .005) were statistically significant. This study emphasized the vital role of communicative health literacy when improving health literacy in people with T2D. Diabetes care and education specialists could implement empowerment approaches and flexible self-care strategies to improve the quality of life and glycemic control in people with T2D. Enhancing health literacy was suggested as a favorable strategy for promoting empowerment and self-care activities in people with T2D.

Associated factors with the self-care of people with diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: to analyze the factors associated with self-care in people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional analytical and exploratory online study with 70 participants, using the Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire. The clinical and sociodemographic profile was portrayed with a descriptive analysis. Fisher's exact test, the Chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance were used to determine the association between the variables. Results: after regression, the items Physical Activity, Use of Medication and General Diet from the Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire showed, respectively, a significant association with the variables Physical Exercise (p&lt;0.001), Occupation (p=0.005) and Age (p=0.01). Conclusion: the physical exercise, medication use and general diet items on the self-care questionnaire were related to the variables of age, occupation, and physical exercise, respectively. Contributions to practice: health services should intensify the investigation of factors associated with the difficulties of people with diabetes, to offer a better quality of life and adequate health promotion for this population.

FRI084 The Impact Of COVID-19 On Comorbid Beliefs And Adherence To Self-Management Behaviors Among Breast Cancer Survivors With Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Disclosure: S. Lambert: None. J.E. Itty: None. L. Guerra: None. M. Goel: None. J.J. Lin: None. Y.T. Harris: None. Introduction: During the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, anxiety and depression rates increased substantially worldwide. Anxiety and depression can affect self-efficacy and health-related beliefs as well as diabetes self-management behaviors (DSMBs) such as diet, exercise, and medication adherence, which are crucial for glycemic control and preventing complications. Both Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and breast cancer pose an increased risk of complications from Covid, which could exacerbate pandemic-related distress in patients with T2DM and a history of breast cancer. We compared diabetes beliefs and adherence to DSMBs in breast cancer survivors with T2DM, before Covid-19 versus during the first Covid-19 surge. Hypothesis: Patients will experience a change in diabetes beliefs and adherence to DSMBs in the setting of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: Eligible patients included women ≥ 55 years, diagnosed with Stage 0-IIIA breast cancer in the past 15 years, who had completed chemotherapy and/or were prescribed hormonal therapy, had pre-existing T2DM treated with ≥ 1 oral medication, and had been enrolled in an ongoing study of disease beliefs and cognition in breast cancer survivors with comorbid T2DM. We included patients with a baseline visit prior to Covid and a six-month follow up visit between March - September 2020. We assessed diabetes beliefs with the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) and DSMB adherence with the Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. Self-reported adherence to diabetes medication was assessed with the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). Signed rank tests were used to compare disease beliefs and DSMB adherence before versus during the first Covid-19 wave. Results: 26 patients completed baseline interviews prior to Covid and a six-month follow up visit during the first Covid-19 surge (mean age: 65 years; 27% White, 35% Black, 11% Asian/Pacific Islander, 27% unanswered). Diabetes beliefs did not differ significantly before versus during Covid (p &amp;gt; 0.05 for all IPQ scales), nor did adherence to DSMBs including diet (days/week following a healthful eating plan: p = 0.87), exercise (days participating in a specific exercise: p = 0.40), and glucose monitoring (days checking blood sugar the number of times recommended: p = 0.84). No significant differences were seen in medication adherence (p = 0.698). Conclusion: In this small sample of breast cancer survivors with T2DM there appears to be no change in diabetes beliefs or DSMB adherence during the first Covid surge compared to baseline. These findings raise the possibility that individual patient factors play a greater role in adherence and disease beliefs than pandemic-related distress. Future analyses will expand the sample size and explore whether the extent to which the Covid-19 pandemic impacted patients moderates their disease beliefs and self-management. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

The relationship between diabetes self-care management and blood glucose level among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

There are still many patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Self-care was needed to control blood glucose levels. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between diabetes self-care management and blood sugar levels in type 2 DM (T2DM) patients. This study was used a correlational design. Data was collected from the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of William Booth Hospital Surabaya. The dependent variable was blood glucose and the independent variable was diabetes self-care management. The 99 respondents were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The inclusion criteria were patients with T2DM, the ages between 45-and 64 age years old. We used the summary of diabetes self-care activities to assess self-care management and blood sugar level was measured using a capillary blood glucose test. Chi-square was used to calculate the relationship between diabetes self-care management and blood glucose level. This study showed that most of the respondents with good diabetes self-care management had good blood sugar levels and there was a significant relationship between diabetes self-care management and blood sugar levels among T2DM patients (p&amp;lt;0.05). Increasing diabetes self-care management among T2DM patients was required to control blood glucose levels.

The Effect of a Pharmacist-Intervention Program on Clinical Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: Clinical pharmacists are skilled in identifying patient medication-related problems such as adverse drug responses and non-adherence. Pharmacists participate in diabetes management teams and offer direct patient treatment using several practice models in different ambulatory practice settings. The objective is to evaluate the effect of a pharmacist-intervention program on clinical outcomes in diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and methods: The cohort consisted of diabetes patients attending multi-speciality care hospitals. Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention and control groups. Each patient in the intervention group was counselled by the research pharmacist. The measure of diabetes self-management was assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self –Care activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. Results: 150 patients out of this population met the inclusion criteria. The study succeeded in proving the effect of pharmacist-led patient education in the improvement of the quality of life and clinical parameters of diabetes.  The pronounced differences in the SDSCA scores of the test group and control group signify the impact of interventions and the consistency of the scale as well. Conclusion: The effect of pharmacist-led interventions on diabetic treatment outcomes was evaluated. The results recommend the need for extensive pharmacist-led intervention programs in metabolic disorder management.

The Impact of Telenursing on Self-Care Management and Quality of Life for Chronic Disease Management Program (PROLANIS) Members with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Garuda Health Center in Bandung City, Indonesia, in 2022

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is rapidly becoming one of the world's most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and one of the most frightening problems in public health. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus must be able to manage their disease independently to control blood glucose and prevent complications. Community empowerment and social engineering can be done by nurses through remote communication with patients via telenursing. Identifying the Effect of Telenursing on Self-Care Management and Quality of Life for Members of the Chronic Disease Management Program (PROLANIS) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Using the pre-experiment design method with one group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of 45 respondents, 15 male respondents and 30 female respondents, taking the sample using accidental sampling. Data collection using the Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) and Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) instruments the test used is the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. All manuscripts must contain an abstract, which summarizes the purposes of the work, the methods, the most significant results, and the conclusions. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test, with a 95% confidence level p-value (0.001). There is an effect of telenursing therapy on improving the quality of life of PROLANIS members with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is hoped that respondents and elders can improve self-care management and quality of life through the stages of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME), which can be carried out daily under health workers’ guidance through telenursing or family.

Exploring the relationship between self-management and blood glucose level in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from unstable blood sugar levels in diabetics. DM can not only be treated with pharmacological therapy but also requires non-pharmacological therapy, one of which is self-management. Objective: to determine the relationship between the level of self-management and blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional design with 35 respondents selected through an accidental sampling technique. Data collection involved using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire and a Glucometer. The data were then analyzed using the Spearman Rank Test.  Results: The data analysis revealed that 62.9% of patients with Type 2 DM experienced self-management in the medium category, and 88.6% had blood sugar levels in the high category. Based on the analysis results, a p-value of 0.180 was obtained, indicating that there is no relationship between self-management and blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The correlation coefficient of -0.232 indicated a low correlation strength, and as the correlation coefficient is negative, the relationship between the two variables is not in the same direction. Conclusions: It is evident that need more investigation of self-management practices to achieve stable or normal blood sugar levels. Improving self-management is crucial as it can help prevent complications associated with diabetes mellitus.